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proxy, also known as a proxy or proxy server a server software that acts in the middle between a client and server over the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user would make a request to purchase something straight to the server and servers would serve the item directly to the user. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement, adding proxies provides advantages such as increased security, performance, privacy, and much more. As a pass-through layer proxy is a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.

In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware that includes proxy software is also often referred too as a proxy server. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually referred to as software, and ones that work in conjunction with web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two types of proxy servers, which are forward and reverse proxy. forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific usage scenario, which is frequently misunderstood due to the similar terms.

This article will provide you with an idea of the different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as as how they are useful in common configurations. Through this article, will be able to recognize the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy and decide on the best choice between reverse and forward proxy for any particular situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy is an agent used by users who want to send a request through the internet to an the server which originated the request. In this scenario it is the scenario that all requests sent by the user would prefer to be sent straight towards the forward proxy. The forward proxy, in position of the customer, will review the request. At the beginning, it will determine whether the client is able to handle requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet; it can only access the information that forward proxy grants to access.

The most popular reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet instead of clients, and in the process, it'll use a different IP address than the original IP address that the client uses.

Based on how it was configured according to the way it was configured, a forward proxy could offer you a range of functions in addition to the capability to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographical place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer central security, as well as access to users based on their permissions, for instance in a workplace. In the event that all traffic on the internet is routed through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can grant access only to specific users to the internet. This is then filtered by a typical firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place on the client layer that may comprise several machines that have different user and environmental settings, a firewall may be installed on top of an front proxy layer.

It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually set up before they are able to be used in order to be used and reverse proxies are able to not be seen by users. Depending on whether your IP address the user is transmitted to the server that originated it by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or made transparent.

There are several alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache A well-known, open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete Web server. Take a look at our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to know how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is an agent for the web server which takes care of any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. Web servers can represent one or more servers. It could also be an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes from a user on the internet at large. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the website server that hosts the data the user wants. Contrarily reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to isolate Web servers from direct interaction with the open internet.

From the perspective of a person's perspective, working via reverse proxy is the same as working with Web server in direct contact. It is functionally identical to the web server and the user is unable to discern the difference. The client is able to request the resource and receive it without any additional configuration by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features such as:

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  Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this function to only the layer of web servers, and not the client layer. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the web server layer that can include multiple servers with different configurations the majority of the firewall security is targeted on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the responsibility to interact with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers from web servers enables them to focus solely on satisfying the requirements of their clients.

In the event of multiple servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy may also be responsible for the direction in the requests that are directed to which server. There may be several web servers hosting identical resources, however each one offering a different type of services or a mixture of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, but they can incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy redirecting visitors to a particular server according to the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their positioning before web servers through the ability to cache. Large static assets can be in a position to be set up using caching rules that prevent them from the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions that provide an option to provide static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally, the reverse proxy will manage the compression of these assets.

The renowned Nginx website server also a popular reverse proxy option. While Apache is also a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy features, it is an additional characteristic that is part of Apache However, Nginx was originally designed and focused on the reverse proxy function.

The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with directionality, they can also lead to false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They could be confusing since both types of proxy can manage requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies is by analyzing the requirements of the application that you are building.

Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They act as your servers when you interact using the internet.

Forward proxy is helpful when put before the client for your personal use or in a workplace setting. They serve as the proxy for your client whenever you interact on the internet.

Differentiating by case of use in lieu of looking at similar naming conventions will make sure that you do not get confused.

Conclusion

This article defined what a proxy is along with two types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the benefits were utilized to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about the implementation of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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